- The relatively unchanging pressure in a filling stomach is due to the contraction of the stomach oblique muscle layer.
- - released by parathyroid glands-increases blood calcium, decreases its loss in urine, activates calcitriol hormone
- - released from adrenal medulla- stimulates vasoconstriction
- The circular folds of the small intestine enhance absorption by causing the chyme to spiral, rather than to move in a straight line, as it passes through the small intestine.
- Food often contains bacteria, but the HCl of the stomach is effective in killing most ingested microbes.
- Gastric accommodation is an example of smooth muscle plasticity.
- - in males- secreted by follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone
- Stellate macrophages are found in the liver and are responsible for removing bacteria and worn-out cells.
- -released from adrenal cortex- produced by glucocorticoids and gonadocorticoids - male sex hormones- estrogen in females
- -released from pancreatic islets Beta cells (pancreas)- lowers blood glucose level
- - released from anterior pituitary-gonadotropin- regulate ovarian development and secretion of estrogen and progesterone- sperm development and secretion of testosterone- triggered by GnRH from hypothalamus
- - released from adrenal medulla - increases heart rate and contraction of heart muscles
- What hormone does the pineal gland secrete?
- - released from anterior pituitary - triggered from CRH from hypothalamus- causes release of corticosteroids by adrenal cortex
- - regulated by anterior pituitary - in females - secreted by follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone
- - released from pineal gland- causes drowsiness, regulates circadian rhythm, and has effects on mood - influence GnRH secretion
- - GH- released from anterior pituitary- causes liver to secrete insulin-like growth factors 1 and 2 - stimulate cell growth and division
- - released from anterior pituitary gland- triggered by PRH-inhibited by PIH from hypothalamus- causes milk production, mammary gland growth in females
- - released from pancreatic islets Alpha cells (pancreas)- raises blood glucose level
- - released from thyroid gland - increases metabolic rate and protein synthesis in targets- stimulates synthesis of sodium-potassium pumps in neurons- Stimulates increased amino acid and glucose uptake-increases number of cellular respiration enzymes within mitochondria