- ______ and ______ are secreted in response to low blood volume or low solute concentration in the tubular fluid within the kidney.
- After a long period of lower than normal hormone concentrations, the target cells might respond by ______ of the hormone's receptors.
- What is an example of a commonly used second messenger that may be activated by nonsteroid hormones?
- Many substances have regulated reabsorption. One substance plays a pivotal role in the reabsorption of these other substances. Choose this substance from the list below.
- The amount of Na+ excreted in the urine is controlled by ___________ and natriuretic peptide hormones in the collecting tubules and collecting ducts.
- In the ______ loop, only about 10% of the remaining water in the tubular fluid is reabsorbed.
- Water moves from the descending limb of the nephron loop into the _________ when it is reabsorbed.
- Aldosterone results in the ______ reabsorption of Na+ and therefore also ______.
- The amount of Na+ reabsorbed from the tubular fluid can vary from ______ to ______%.
- True or false: ADH causes the PCT to increase water reabsorption from the tubular fluid
- Water is reabsorbed through specific water transporter proteins called
- The ______ allows plasma and its dissolved substances to be filtered while restricting the passage of large structures, such as formed elements.
- The amount of Na+ that is excreted in urine ranges from ______ of the total filtered Na+.
- In the kidneys, water movement occurs by ______.
- A decrease in blood entering the afferent arteriole will result in ______.
- Some substances that were not initially filtered in the glomerulus, but must be eliminated from the blood, become a component of urine through______ _______
- Tubular reabsorption moves substances ______ the blood.
- The transport maximum is dependent upon the number of____ __ ___ in the epithelial cell membrane
- Aldosterone stimulates the protein synthesis of ______ and ______.
- Atrial natriuretic peptide ______ GFR to eliminate fluid when there is a(n) ______ in blood volume and/or blood pressure.