- Phospholipids can _______________ the vesicles which allows for faster growth, larger protocells and efficient division
- ____________ geographic ranges reduce the rate of background extinction
- _______________________ of photosynthesis, which cause huge challenges for terrestrial and marine primary producers
- Phylogenetic estimates suggest that eukaryotes are ____________
- Haplotype frequencies can be interrupted by _________________
- Coordinated groups can outcompete groups where individuals ___________
- Changes in hox genes have large _______________ effects on animals
- Prokaryotic genomes (plasmids) code for additional function like _________________ or __________________(fitness increase)
- One approach to study early life is evaluating the _____________ _________________ for life in present day organisms
- No ________________________ mammals or conifers
- DNA replication is more __________ at weeding out errors and these mechanisms are absent in RNA replication
- Microfossils suggest that eukaryotes are ________________
- Organelles within the eukaryotic genome have their owns smaller genomes that are single copy in the __________________ and the ___________________
- Bacteria and archaea are ___________, ______________ chromosomes
- There is a ____________ _______________ for vesicles that can incorporate or synthesize phospholipids
- The miller urey experiment showed it is _______________ to form basic building blocks under simple conditions
- Lower DNA transmission _____________ for specialization: using DNA as genetic storage frees up RNA to specialize in other functions
- As vesicles with lipid layers start to incorporate more lipids, they tend to ___________ and _____________ into multiple smaller vesicles
- The miller Urey experiment is probably not an _______________ _______________________ of early atmospheric conditions
- Bacteria and archaea are _________________ because of a high number of mobile genetic elements (plasmids, prophages, transposons)