- - difficulty in school- poor social skills- trouble getting along with others- difficulty planning or working towards a goal- problems staying on task- problems with behavior and impulse control
- - environmental exposures- pharmaceuticals- lifestyle factors- neonatal abstinence syndrome- volatile chemicals, pesticides, lead dust from lead paint, etc.
- pregnant women should avoid these foods because their immune system is weaker:- recalled foods- raw sprouts- raw seafood- unpasteurized milk, juice, cider- soft cheeses and raw milk cheeses- soft-serve ice cream- pre-made meat or seafood salad, meat spreads- undercooked or raw eggs- smoked seafood- hot dogs, lunch meat
- - distinctive facial features- small head circumference and brain size- heart defects- vision/hearing problems- slow physical growth
- avoid sharing utensils and food with babies or children, good handwashing (endemic; no vaccine or treatment)
- - asthma- eating disorders- epilepsy- migraine- heart disease- high blood pressure- kidney problems- autoimmune disorders- overweight/obese- nicotene use- STIs- Thyroid disease- Uteriine fibroids- diabetes- cancer- polycystic ovary syndrome (hormonal imbalance)- HIV
- - intellectual disability- learning disorders- poor memory- trouble identifying consequences of choices- difficulty with problem solving and reasoning- rapidly changing moods
- - Toxoplasmosis (toxoplasma gondii; protozoan parasite)- Rubella- Cytomegalovirus- Herpes Simplex- HIV
- - large size of baby (more likely to need c-section)- high BP- preeclampsia- 50% go on to have Type 2 diabetes
- - causes toxicity to the nervous system of developing- animal studies suggest nicotine use during pregnancy plays a key role in offspring health effects including type 2 diabetes, obesity, hypertension, neurobehavioral defects
- microcephaly (abnormal smallness of the head, associated with incomplete brain development), hearing loss, seizures, developmental delay
- miscarriage/stillbirth, deafness, heart defects, intellectual disabilities, low birthweight
- - age- chemical exposure to tobacco, alcohol, certain medications- stress- chronic disease (diabetes, heart disease, obesity, high blood pressure, autoimmune disorders)
- failure of neural tube closure by week 4 (day 28 after conception); often occurs before mother knows shes pregnant
- - review medical history/pre-existing conditions- screening recommendations- medications/exposures- healthy lifestyle - what would this look like
- The allantois is a blind, endoderm-lined extension of the yolk sac that lies in the umbilical cord and opens into the cloaca, where the bladder forms
- When the urachus lumen fails to close, a patent urachus (which may allow leakage of urine from the umbilicus), urachal cyst, or vesicourachal diverticulum can result
- When the allantois atrophies, it is renamed the urachus, which, in turn becomes the median umbilical ligament after birth
- When the vitelline duct fails to regress, a vitelline fistula (which may allow leakage of GI contents from the umbilicus), vitelline duct cyst, or Meckel diverticulum can result
- The vitelline duct normally atrophies (regresses)