- Both mitochondria and chloroplasts __________.release oxygen as a by-productobtain electrons from waterreduce NAD+, forming NADPare surrounded by a single membraneuse chemiosmosis to produce ATP
- Which of the following is cycled in the cyclic variation of the light reactions?ElectronsATPNADPHRibulose bisphosphateProtons
- The DNA-containing region of this bacterial cell is indicated by the letter _____.http://session.masteringbiology.com/problemAsset/1100503/4/2701q.jpg1. A2. B3. C4. D5. E
- You could distinguish a thylakoid membrane from an inner mitochondrial membrane because the thylakoid membrane would __________.have photosynthetic pigmentscontain protein but not lipidsfunction in energy transformationbe inside a mitochondrionhave all of the listed characteristics
- The light reactions of photosynthesis generate high-energy electrons, which end up in __________ through linear electron flow. The light reactions also produce __________ and __________. water; sugar; oxygenATP; NADPH; oxygenoxygen; sugar; ATPchlorophyll; ATP; NADPHNADPH; ATP; oxygen
- During photosynthesis in a eukaryotic cell, an electrochemical gradient is formed across the __________.cristaethylakoid membranestomatachloroplast outer membranechloroplast inner membrane
- Where do the electrons entering photosystem II come from?Chlorophyll molecules in the antenna complexLightATPThe electron transport chainWater
- The energy used to produce ATP in the light reactions of photosynthesis comes from __________.splitting watermovement of H+ through a membranethe oxidation of sugar moleculesfluorescencecarbon fixation
- Which of the following occurs during the Calvin cycle?-ATP is reduced, and NADPH is oxidized.-Light energy is converted to chemical energy.-Linear electron flow produces the materials required for the fixation of carbon from carbon dioxide.-ATP is oxidized, and NADPH is reduced.-ATP is hydrolyzed, and NADPH is oxidized.
- When chloroplast pigments absorb light, __________.the Calvin cycle is triggeredthe pigments' electrons become excitedthe pigments' photons become excitedthe pigments become reducedthe pigments lose potential energy
- The most important role of pigments in photosynthesis is to __________.capture light energycatalyze the hydrolysis of waterscreen out harmful ultraviolet rayscatalyze the synthesis of ATPstore energy
- Most of the electrons removed from glucose by cellular respiration are used for which of the following processes?Reducing NAD+ to NADH in glycolysis and the citric acid cycleProducing a proton gradient for ATP synthesis in the mitochondriaDriving substrate-level phosphorylation in glycolysisThe first two choices are correct.The second and third answers are correct.
- What is the role of NADP+ in photosynthesis?-It is reduced and then carries electrons to the Calvin cycle.-It acts as the primary electron acceptor for the photosystems.-It assists chlorophyll in capturing light.-As a component of photosystem II, it catalyzes the hydrolysis of water.-As part of the electron transport chain, it manufactures ATP.
- Which of these statements about enzyme inhibitors is true?-Inhibition of enzyme function by compounds that are not substrates is something that only occurs under controlled conditions in the laboratory.-The action of competitive inhibitors may be reversible or irreversible.-A noncompetitive inhibitor does not change the shape of the active site.-When the product of an enzyme or an enzyme sequence acts as its inhibitor, this is known as positive feedback.-A competitive inhibitor binds to the enzyme at a place that is separate from the active site.
- A photon of which of these colors would carry the most energy?GreenRedYellowBlueOrange
- Enzyme activity is affected by pH because __________.-changes in pH can cause loss of cofactors from the enzyme-low pH will denature all enzymes-high or low pH may disrupt hydrogen bonding or ionic interactions and thus change the shape of the active site-the binding of hydrogen ions to the enzyme absorbs energy and thus there may not be enough energy to overcome the activation energy barrier-most substrates do not function well at high or low pH
- Energy for synthesizing ATP is obtained by ATP synthase directly from which of the following processes?-The flow of H+ across the inner mitochondrial membrane through the ATP synthase enzyme-The oxidation of glucose-The movement of electrons through a series of carriers-The oxidation of NADH and FADH2-The reduction of oxygen
- Which of the following best describes the electron transport chain?-Glucose is broken down to a three-carbon compound in preparation for the citric acid cycle.-Acetyl CoA is fully oxidized to CO2.-Electrons are passed from one carrier to another, releasing a little energy at each step.-Hydrogen atoms are added to CO2 to make an energy-rich compound.-Electrons are pumped across a membrane by active transport.
- Which of the following substances is/are involved in oxidative phosphorylation?ADPOxygenATPNone of the listed responses is correct.The first three listed substances
- During aerobic respiration, molecular oxygen (O2) is used for which of the following purposes?-At the end of the electron transport chain to accept electrons and form H2O-At the end of glycolysis to oxidize pyruvate-As a source of O2 in every reaction that produces CO2-At the end of the citric acid cycle to regenerate citric acid-Between glycolysis and the citric acid cycle to split a carbon from pyruvate, producing CO2