- What happens to pyruvate during the process of fermentation?
- At the end of glycolysis, the carbon molecules originally found in the starting glucose molecule are in the form of:
- Certain complexes of the mitochondrial electron transport chain pump protons. Which of the following best describes the movement of protons in this situation?
- Which of the following is a net product of the citric acid cycle for each molecule of pyruvate generated in glycolysis
- Imagine that you notice rust has formed on the frame of your bicycle. How would this have happened?
- Like glycolysis, acetyl-CoA synthesis produces both pyruvate and acetyl-CoA. These two products feed directly into the citric acid cycle and are the reactants for this process.
- During acetyl-CoA synthesis, pyruvate is broken down into CO2 and an acetyl group. The CO2 is:
- Which of the following processes produces the highest number of electron carriers and thus the greatest amount of ATP via oxidative phosphorylation?
- Imagine that a eukaryotic cell carries a mutation impairing its ability to phosphorylate glucose during glycolysis. What is a likely result of this mutation?
- Which one of the following is a monosaccharide and not a disaccharide?
- Cellular respiration is a series of _____ reactions.
- Although cellular respiration is typically thought of as an aerobic process, glycolysis itself is actually anaerobic.
- The majority of ATP produced during acetyl-CoA synthesis is the result of substrate-level phosphorylation.
- Although glycolysis produces four molecules of ATP via substrate-level phosphorylation, the net gain of ATP for the cell is two molecules. This is due to the fact that glycolysis is—at first—endergonic.
- When glucose is broken down in a cell, all of the energy it stores is released simultaneously, not in a stepwise process.
- Which is the only reaction in the citric acid cycle that produces ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation?
- Starting with glycolysis, lactic acid and ethanol fermentation generate only two ATP per glucose molecule. The remaining chemical energy from the glucose is found primarily in:
- When a single pyruvate is converted to acetyl-CoA, the other products of the reaction are:
- The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex plays a role in which of the following processes?
- Which of the following correctly lists the approximate number of ATP produced by (i) beta-oxidation of a 16-carbon fatty acid, (ii) glycolysis and fermentation of a single glucose, and (iii) aerobic respiration of a single glucose, in that order?