- Vaccine (weakened, inactivated, recombinant, DNA/RNA, viral vector) is consisted of pathogen antigens and <?> to induce T cells effectively
- Organ rejections including hyperacute, acute and chronic rejection are caused by alloreactive <?> or <?>
- Th1 producing IFN-γ and IL2 activates <?> to kill intracellular bacteria, and activates CTLs to kill cancer cells
- ABO blood type incompatible transfusion may cause destruction of transfused RBCs by <?> specific for A/B antigens
- <?> are the major targets for alloreactive T cells in allogeneic transplants
- Controlling balance between GVL and GVHD is important for <?> transplantation
- Antigen specific <?> T cells and B cells are important for vaccine to work
- Type 3 allergy is <?> related hypersensitivity such as nephritis following streptococcus infection and lupus nephritis
- IgG in mother goes to fetus via placenta, and IgA is delivered to newborn babies via <?> and protects them with immature immune system
- Th2 producing <?> and <?> promotes <?> production by B cells and M2 like macrophages with immunosuppressive and tissue repair activities
- B cells are activated and differentiated to plasma cells which produce antibodies in the <?> of <?>
- Th17 producing <?> and <?> attracts <?> and promotes inflammation for defense to extracellular bacteria
- T cells are exhausted by chronic antigen stimulation (<?> and <?>)
- Influenza virus changes antigenicity through antigen <?> and <?> which may cayse pandemic and leads to changes of vaccine contents every year
- Serum therapy against <> and antibody therapy for <?> are passive immunotherapies
- <?> is caused by cross reactive antibody generated by streptococcus (molecular mimicry) and often develop valvular heart disease.
- Immunological tolerance of T cells occurs in <?> and in peripherals
- Some viruses such as <?> stay dormant and are reactivated later
- Th2 is important for <?> defense, and also involved in IgE associated allergy
- Type 1 hypersensitivity is immediate hypersensitivity such as allergic rhinitis and anaphylaxis. <?> and <?> (?min) are used for diagnosis