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International Relations
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- responsible with monitoring economic and social development, human rights, therights of minority groups.
- Demise of Soviet Union and the communist bloc, end of Cold WarMore opportunities for cooperation on a global scale Humanitarian intervention operations : holding other nation-states accountable for the treatment of their populations (cold war never really disappeared)Cooperation less about ideology, more about topic - look at how individuals are treated
- Crimean WarOfficially about the rights of Christians in Ottoman Empire (stop the advance of the Ottoman EmpireMostly known for "Industrial Revolution meets human arrogance": (use industrial revolution to develop effective guns) bigger canons, guns, longer range, more destruction, more force)First "modern" conflict➳Results in widespread carnage: 43% of participants killed, most from disease➳ Led to creation of Red Cross and professionalisation of nursing
- The Geneva Conventions established protocols for relationships between countries during wartime and modern diplomacy
- Military Strategist Sun Teu writes the Art of War in a time when most countries dealt with each other by fighting
- 16 of the EU's closest Eastern and Southern NeighborsPolitical, economic and security stabilisation of the region• Rapid Response Mechanism (Ukraine)
- aggregate of people united by common descent, history, culture or language
- Ultimate Wesphalian institution 1 country 1 voteAnnual meetings called "Sessions" - discuss budgetVoting is done via ordinary majority (87 countries)
- established by a treaty or other instrument governed by international law and possessing its own international legal personality
- Joint policy initiative to deepen and strengthen relations between the EU, its MS and six Eastern neighbours
- New features: open diplomacy: no secret agreements (it's very much employed but rare in a globalised setting), public opinion influence diplomacy1919 Treaty of Versailles (prior to it, there was a common standard to have secret agreements in a diplomatic setting)
- led by Secretary General, spokesperson of the UNFrom a smaller country, highly influential
- informal gathering of many of the world's largest economies, premier global forum for discussing economic issuesEU is a full member
- 1945, 52 nations (now 193)conflict, security, and peaceThe EU has enhanced observer status. However, if you look at the Economic and Social Council within the UN system, they actually do not.
- UN's Executive BoardCharged with protecting international peace and security15 members: 5 permanent FR, PRC, RF, UK, USA veto, 10 rotating (2 year terms)Presidency rotates monthlyRotating presidency affects abilitiesCan impose sanctions and authorise use of force
- G7+RussiaPresidents of European Council and Commission (for HoS), HR/EVP (for ministerial level)
- General principles are the "Well, DUH" elements of international law, such as:Keep your promises (pacta sunt servanda)Act in good faith (bona fides)Some rules can't be ignored (Jus cogens)Don't drag your feet (laches)Judges should be impartialAccept a binding verdict (res judicata)
- Official "diplomatic service" of the EUSupplies staff for permanent representations and EU missionsStatus of embassy but no consular department (done by MS)
- evidence of a general practice (by States) accepted as law"
- Operations are strictly limited to peacekeeping and conflict prevention