- A sentence that includes one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.
- A contradiction between what is said and what is meant; incongruity between action and result.
- The use of tropes or figures of speech; going beyond literal meaning to achieve literary effect.
- An explanation of why the evidence and/or quotations are important to the development of a line of reasoning and how they support the thesis.
- Vivid use of language that evokes a reader's senses (sight, smell, taste, touch, hearing).
- Exaggeration for the purpose of emphasis.
- A word, phrase, or clause that does not form a full sentence.
- The literal meaning of a word; its dictionary definition.
- Placement of two things side by side for emphasis.
- Urging to some course of conduct or action; exhorting; encouraging
- The speaker's position on a subject, as revealed through his or her tone.
- A word that sounds like another, but is spelled differently. (Ex. your and you're, or accept and except)
- That which is implied by a word, as opposed to the word's literal meaning (See denotation)
- A challenge to a position; an opposing argument.
- The repetition of words in an inverted order to sharpen a contrast. (Ex. it's not the size of the dog in the fight, but the size of the fight in the dog)
- The presentation of visual elements in an image
- A cultural symbol that has become universally understood and recognized
- A Greek term referring to the character of a person; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals (see logos and pathos).
- An acknowledgment that an opposing argument may be true or reasonable.
- The repetition of the same sound or letter at the beginning of consecutive words or syllables.