- Sensitivity or Specificity?- Ability of the test to correctly detect those who have the disease- Proportion of the patients with disease (defined by gold standard) who have a positive test- Negative result is useful for ruling out disease (rarely misdiagnoses those who have the disease)
- Which type of reference range?- Normal distribution - Range of observed values in a healthy population where 95% of healthy patients will fall into (bell curve)- The greater the number of tests ordered, the greater likelihood one will be abnormal, even in a healthy individual
- Which term refers to assay errors from all sources arising from the data collection experiment that occurs during the analytic phase of laboratory testing?
- The following are examples of which principle of laboratory medicine?- Presence and increase of tumor markers could indicate tumor presence, growth, recurrence and/or size
- 7 principles of laboratory medicine:1. _____ _____ or necrosis allows leakage of intracellular components into the _____, with subsequent rises in blood levels of these components2. An increase in specific labs that indicate failure of normal _____ processes3. Increases in tissue-specific markers may result from expansion of the total _____ of that tissue4. Certain conditions cause characteristic _____ of changes in several lab tests5. _____ changes underlie many disease, and some are inherited and acquired6. Clinical laboratory results should always be interpreted in the context of the patient's _____ and physical _____ 7. Clinical laboratory tests change with _____
- Which term refers to the reference interval lab tests are compared to in order to make assessments, diagnoses, and offer management recommendations?
- All of the following are possible errors during which laboratory testing phase?- Incorrect storage conditions prior to analysis- Specimen misidentification in the lab setting- Wrong test performed- Assay interferences - causing analytic variation- Assay failure
- The following are examples of which principle of laboratory medicine?- Elevated bilirubin in biliary obstruction- Elevated PCO2 in certain pulmonary conditions
- True/False: Both accuracy and precision may be presented in the form of a confidence interval (CI) or standard error (SE).
- The following are examples of which principle of laboratory medicine?- Hemolysis causes a rise in indirect bilirubin, and a fall in haptoglobin and crit/hgb- Primary hyperthyroidism is characterized by increases in thyroxine (free T4) and by suppression of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
- Sensitivity calculation: - True _____ / (True _____ + False _____)
- All of the following are possible errors during which laboratory testing phase?- Test selection: inappropriate test, misunderstood test results- Specimen collection: specimen mislabeling, incorrect time of collection, contamination- Important clinical information not provided- Delays in transportation leading to alterations in specimen constituents- Physiologic factors: age, altitude, eating/drinking, physical/mental stress, exercise- Specimen handling: time and temperature for storage, prompt transport of culture specimens
- The following are examples of which principle of laboratory medicine?- Search for genetic factors that contribute to many common diseases remains a topic of intense research interest
- Which type of reference range?- Define a range of values that is judged to be consistent with health on the basis of expert consensus opinion - Reference ranges may vary with age, gender, ethnic background, and physiologic state
- Which anatomic plane?- Vertical plane running from front to back- Divides the body or any of its parts into right and left sides
- Which anatomic plane?- Vertical plane running from side to side- Divides the body or any of its parts into anterior and posterior portions
- 4 rationales for laboratory medicine:1. _____ of _____: support a diagnosis of disease suspected, confirm diagnosis of disease, or refute a diagnosis2. _____ vs. _____ _____: identify treatable conditions in healthy individuals, correctly separate those individuals who have a disease from those who do not3. _____ _____ of _____ _____: assess patient risk of developing disease in the future based off of risk factors4. _____ _____ and _____: monitor progression of disease and response to therapy
- All of the following are included in which category of laboratory tests?- Sputum- CSF- Peritoneal fluid- Pleural fluid- Semen- Joint fluid
- All of the following are included in which category of laboratory tests?- Wound- Throat- Genital- Axilla- Nasopharyngeal
- Which branch of medicine specializes in performance, reporting, and interpretation of clinical lab tests in the process of patient care?