- Earth's oceans contain large, looped systems of surface currents
- This ocean is half the size of the Pacific and covers about 20% of the Earth's surface
- the number of waves that pass a given point in a certain amount of time
- The light that penetrates this zone is extremely faint.
- The 3rd largest ocean-located between India, Africa, and Indonesian Islands.
- Surrounds the Antarctic continent and is covered by ice part of the year
- Light exists in this ocean zone...photosynthesis occurs here.
- Starfish and tube worms thrive at this depths. There is incredible pressure at this level.
- the gravitational forces exerted on the earth by the moon, and to a lesser extent, the sun.
- ______ is the ____ ocean ecosystem. This ___, __________ covered area is ___in ______ that has floated down from above as _____. The _____ is dominated by __________ and _____, which _____ the ocean floor for _____.
- The ________ system is the ______ on Earth. They are geologically important because they occur at __________ plate boundaries where ___ ocean floor is created through ______. This volcanic activity also gives rise to another important ecosystem, _______.
- _______ are the _____ cousins of the hydrothermal vent. The base of the food chain is also dependant on ____, but the ____ are feeding on __________ instead of H2S. Due to the colder temperatures, organisms here are often _______. __________ at a _______ can live ______ years, compared to those at hydrothermal vents that may live only a ___ years.
- Reproduction and Development of deep sea organisms: -____eggs, _____, yolk-__- - __________ maturity - ________development -_____usually ____ (_____)
- All ________ depend on the _________ of _______________ (chemosynthetic) ____ that ________ from ______ (____). Organisms of the hydrothermal vent are adapted to _______, and typically have ________.
- Physiological of deep sea organisms: - __________ rate-_____ content - ____-size
- Ecological characteristics of deep sea organisms:-____due to ___ __________ pressure -___, ______ growth -___ population ____
- Adaptations for organisms that live under great pressure-___ of ___filled organs -lower __________ rates - -------- adaptation: incorporation of more ______ into ____ membranes to help in ______ -decreased __________-forming (_____ is more _____ under pressure)
- In the ocean, pressure increases ____ for _____ __________ in depth. .This leads to a pressure of more than _____ in the _______. Organisms that live under great pressure employ a number of adaptations.
- bathypelagic: _____ to _____ m in depth, ___oC to _____oC (benthic zone is the bathyal zone)
- hadalpelagic: ____ to _____ m in depth, includes the open water of the ______ (benthic zone is the hadal zone)