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Physical Chemistry
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- The heat capacity of a substance relates the temperature change with heat transfer and is needed because we can only measure temperature
- The first law of thermodynamics is that the internal energy of an isolated system is constant. This means energy is transferred, not created
- The number of radioactive nuclei in a material decrease exponentially with time
- The rate of a chemical reaction is given by the change in concentration divided by time
- If a system is heated and no other processes occur, the change in the internal energy is q
- Nuclear reactions may result in the formation of different elements
- gamma radiation does not consist of particles. alpha and beta consist of particles
- Nuclei with odd numbers of protons and neutrons tend to be the most stable
- The half-life of a first order reaction is dependent on the initial concentration
- In a galvanic cell, oxidation occurs at the anode, and reduction occurs at the cathode
- Standard cell potentials are relative values derived by comparing to a standard
- Equilibrium is reached when the rate of the forward reaction is the same as the rate of the reverse reaction
- The vapor of an ideal mixture of two volatile liquids is richer than the liquid in the more volatile component
- For a solution to be considered saturated, there can be no solid material present
- The rate of dissolving increases with increasing temperature, even if the amount of dissolved material does not necessarily increase
- The instantaneous rate of reaction increases as the reaction proceeds
- The vapor pressure of a liquid increases when a soluble substance is added
- The boiling temperature is the temperature at which the vapor pressure exceeds the atmospheric pressure
- The vapor pressure of a liquid increases will increase as the temperature of liquid increase
- The salts of strong acids do not contribute to the pH of an aqueous solution. The salts of weak acids do contribute the pH of an aqueous solution