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Which two labels identify the two extremes of the political spectrum?
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- imperialism is one country's political, economic, and social domination of anotherold imperialism (1480- 1650)-sought gold, cash crops and trade goods -focused on the settlement and conquest of new territory -colonized the americas, Africa and Australia -founded colonies to benefit the home country New imperialism (1870-1914)-sought raw materials and new markets -focused on small settlements but extensive government control -colonized Africa and asia-founded colonies to benefit home country nationalism and imperialism-nationalism increased competition for power among the European states -patriotism fueled the desire for an empire-nations competed to create colonies-nations competed to build up their military powerindustrialization and imperialism -industrialization encouraged countries to build empires to help the growth of industry -greater need for resources-countries obtained raw materials from coloniesdesire for new markets-countries could sell their finished products overseasMilitarism and imperialism -imperial countries built large navies to protect their economic interests-military bases around the world were needed to resupply naval vessels-nations tried to control important waterwayscultural beliefs and imperialism -many Europeans believed that colonialism was justified because European culture was superior -social darwinism-many believed that -darwins principle of survival of the fittest applied to people as well-"inferior" cultures should not be protected white man's burden -many people believed that-other cultures were greatly inferior -westerners had a duty to civilize "inferior" culturesspreading culture-european culture included:-christianity-democratic governments-new inventions and technologies-european langauges-european styles of dressSpreading religion-missionries flocked to Asia and Africa to convert native peoples to christianity -religious leaders often tried to defend native peoples against injustices -missionaries sometimes forced native peoples to change their cultureRuling colonies-countries could rule large amounts of territory because of:-new communications technologies -improved transportation -advanced military weapons types of territorial colonialcolony- an imperial has political controlprotectorate- the territory is under the "protection" of an imperial powersphere of influence- an imperial power has dominate trading and investment comparing and contrasting forms of ruledirect rule-rule was by westerners without the influence of native peoples -colonizers created programs to force native cultures to change-colonies were considered extensions of the home country(germany)Indirect rule-rule was by westerners with native participation -there was some acceptance of native culture-colonies were considered to be seperate from the home country (great Britain)changes in culture-colonized countries adapted to new:-languages-forms of government-cultural practices Changing culture in japan-Japan transitioned to a culture and society that was more open to the world-Japan had been isolationist prior to the arrival of the Americans in 1853-over time it adopted western culture dress and industrycolonial resistance -colonies often faced poverty and inequality-many colonies openly resisted colonial rule by:-supporting violent military and guerrilla movements-creating nationalist parties and organizations resistance in india-nationalist leaders successfully campaigned for reforms and independence in India -reformers:-created political parties -led nonviolent protests -won independence in 19471600- the british east kinda company was founded1839- the first opium war was fought between Britain and china1860- the second industrial revolution began1870-1914- new imperialism 1914- world war I began