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- US commander sent to destroy Spanish Warships in Manila Bay
- arable soil, warm weather, costal ports, long growing season, inland plantation agriculture (Farming and plantations)
- Cortes, Pizarro, Columbus, Onate, De Soto, Coronado, De Leon
- Rocky soil, short growing season, good universities found here, 1st industrialized region, good for fishing
- Who wrote the Open Door Policy for the United States
- What poet, journalist launched the second revolution in Cuba?
- What is the name of the unites states base in hawaii
- What admiral urged the building up of the u.S navy in 1800
- Where did the first battle in Spanish American war occur
- Who wrote the letter calling president mickenly weak in the late 1800s
- Who becomes a hero for the attack on sen tuck hill
- What was the name of the unites states volunteeres cavalry unit in the Spanish American war
- What Secretary of State arrange the purchase of Alaska
- What United States commander destroyed Spanish fleet in Manila harbor
- What was the name of the unites states ship that blew up in Havana Gabor 1898
- principe de libre administration des collectivités territoriales=
- Stanley and livingstone-David Livingstone was a European explorer and missionary who disappeared in africa-Henry Stanley was a journalist sent to find him-their books excited europeans who wanted to colonize Africa africa-the 2nd largest continent in the worldimportant features:-sahara desert-nile and congo rivers-vast rain forecasts Africa befor imperialism-in the 1800s African societies were organized differently that those in europe-thousands of cultural groups lived on the continent -each group had its own language and customsafrica's natural resources- gold and diamonds, ivory, rubber and palm oil and land for farming scramble for africa-in 1885 the Berlin conference was held to divide the continent -africa was partitioned by the European leaders-africans were not involved -traditonal tribal and ethnic boundaries were ignored Leopold II-ruled as king of belgium-took control of the Congo region in Africa after the Berlin conference -made it his personal colonyabuses in the Congo free state-kind Leopold II used the Congo free state to supplement his personal fortune-the Congolese were enslaved to gather resources, primarily rubber and ivory-entire villages were tortured if they failed to meet their quota-atrocities affected millions of people forces enabling imperialism -3 main factors enabled europeans to establish empires in africa: new technologies -advanced weaponry, transportation and communications -lack of African unity-tribal societies -diverse languages and customs -slave trade: weak African kingdoms zulu resistans -the Zulus successfully resisted british occupation in southern africa-led by Shaka a powerful Zulu chieftain-used advanced military tactics to defeat british forces -remained independent until 1879Menelik II-ruled Ethiopia the only nation to successfully resist European control-built up a a large arsenal of weapons-defeated Italy in the battle of adwaresistance was difficult for the zulu-european soldiers had firearms while the Zulu used spears and swords-europeans rulers did't recognize tribal groups such as the Zulu as modern nations Ethiopia remained independent -the Ethiopians had modern weapons-at the battle of adwa the Ethiopian army outnumbered the Italians by 7 to 1-european rulers signed treaties that recognized Ethiopia as a modernization nationcultural effect of imperialsim-christianity spread across the continent-many africans adopted European customs and learned European languages-european style education systems were created but in limited areaspolitical effects of imperialism -the partition of africa created artificial boundaries-this increased conflict between tribal groups-independent nations were unable to accommodate for ethnic, religious and cultural diversity -europeans held most positions in power and decision-making -imperialism created white minority rule-africans received little experience in self-government economic effects of imperialism -imperialism created unequal trade and economic development -riches and resources were export by force-plantations and mines were exclusively owned by europeans -manufacturing was prohibited -the labor force was exploited-investments were not made in technology, education, or infrastructure, unless related to exports 1879- the british defeated the Zulu 1885- the partiton of africa began1885-1908- Leopold II ruled the Congo 1896- ethiopia defeated Italy Add New NoteAdvanced
- French imperialism-during the age of the new imperialism france built a new empire in africa and southeast asia-they believed that their culture was superior to others-they intended to westernize their colonies by assimilation france gradually established political and economic influence in vietnam1802- the French helped the Nguyen dynasty come to power1857- after the death of several missionaries france invaded vietnam1883- france conquered all of vietnamFrench Indochina -france expanded its territory in southeast asia in the 1900s it included:-vietnam-cambodia-laos-parts of siam (Thailand)the new imperialism in france-French leaders described their goal as a mission civilsatrice or civilizing mission-they believed that:-they had a duty to civilize indigenous people-france should regulate other countries trade and activities -cultures they considered inferior should be replacedFrench rule in southeast asia-france directly ruled vietnam and influenced its culture-filled government postions with French europeans-allowed native rulers to serve in figurehead role -granted rights to people who adopted French culture-encouraged people to convert to christianity effects of French colonial rule in vietnam-French rule had positive and negative consequences in vietnampositive effects: increased the wealth of wealthy Vietnamese people-modernized vietnam by building railroads, roads, and harbors-brought electricity negative effects: decreased the wealth of impoverished Vietnamese people-promoted French acculturation by pushing out ancient culture and customs-increased taxes on goods the end of French indochina-after world war II nationalists fought for independence -in 1954 france gave up its territories in indochina-vietnam remained in conflict until the 1970sforms of rule-colonizing countries used direct and indirect rule to control their empiresbritish in India -ruled directly over some provinces-indirectly influenced other provinces French in asia-ruled directly over territories -left figurehead rulers in placeJapan in korea-ruled indirectly by establishing a protectorate-ruled directly after annexing korea imperialist attitudesbritish in India: pursued the idea of the "white mans burden" -allowed some native cultures to continue French in Asia: established "civilizing mission"Japan in korea: established Japanese culture language and culture-each country emphasized its own culture in its colonies and territories-established schools-conducted official business in its own language rather than its native languages-encouraged or forced new traditions economic benefits-all 3 countries reaped benefits from their empires-natural resources -labor social classes and equality-all 3 empires created societies that-established clearer social classes -led to wealth for upper classes-led to poverty for lower classes -social equality was rare1857- French invasion of vietnam 1883- establishment of French rule in vietnam1954- end of French rule in Vietnam
- Japan in 1850-the Tokuwaga shogunate ruled Japan for more than 200 years-created a stable society with a rigid class structure -built an agriculture-based economy-pursued isolation-fell behind europe and the west in technologycommander Matthew perry-was sent to Japan to establish diplomatic relations -carried a letter from US president Millard Fillmore the treaty of Kanazawa -the provisions of the treaty:-required Japan to help shipwrecked Americans -opened 2 ports for the US to use for trade-allowed the US to set up an embassy-encouraged further trade between Japan and the USThe Meiji restoration-new leaders wanted to modernize japan's government and society -these leaders:-appointed the emperor as head of the government-abolished feudalism and the samurai-created a constitutional monarchychanges in the Meiji era-emphasis on nationalism-encouraged growth of nationalism to win loyalty to the state-adopted a system of universal education -rapid industrialization -invested in factory construction-depended on imports from the west-military expansion-modernized the armed forces-wanted to limit western influence the modernization of japan's military-Japan rapidly adopted western military technologies and training methods-industries were built to make modern technology including weapons-Japan became the most powerful nation in Asia the Sino-japanese war-in the late 1800s china and Japan competed for influence in korea-the competition led to war-Japan defeated china easily winning territory in the regionchina- remained faithful to traditional values-avoided modernization-forced to grant concessions for foreigners both- had strong cultural traditions -forced to sign unequal treaties Japan- dedicated to modernization -borrowed and adapted western ideas-industrialized to strengthen its economy-became an empire russia and japan-many in the west were surprised at japan's easy victory in the Sino-japanese war-japan's success worried many especially russia-russia was determined to resume its control in the region and refused to negotiate with Japan the russo-japanese war-in 1904 Japan launched a surprise attack on the Russian city of port Arthur -Japan quickly gained the advantage over russia and then:-drove russian troops out of korea-destroyed the Russian baltic fleetthe treaty of Portsmouth -russia was forced to withdraw from Manchuria and korea increasing Japan's influence there-Japan kept some territories it gained in the war but was forced to give up others-both nations agreed to return Manchuria to chinaexpansion of the Japanese empire-after defeating russia Japan seized the Korean Peninsula -Japan made korea a protectorate in 1905-Japan forced korea to accept annexation in 1910Japanese imperial rule-after annexation the Japanese placed restrictions on Korean rights by-closing Korean newspapers and limiting free speech-assuming control of the education system-encouraging Japanese businessmen and farmers to relocate to korea 1853- commodore Perry arrived in japan1868- the meiji restoration1894-1895- the Sino Japanese war1905- end of the Russo
- imperialism is one country's political, economic, and social domination of anotherold imperialism (1480- 1650)-sought gold, cash crops and trade goods -focused on the settlement and conquest of new territory -colonized the americas, Africa and Australia -founded colonies to benefit the home country New imperialism (1870-1914)-sought raw materials and new markets -focused on small settlements but extensive government control -colonized Africa and asia-founded colonies to benefit home country nationalism and imperialism-nationalism increased competition for power among the European states -patriotism fueled the desire for an empire-nations competed to create colonies-nations competed to build up their military powerindustrialization and imperialism -industrialization encouraged countries to build empires to help the growth of industry -greater need for resources-countries obtained raw materials from coloniesdesire for new markets-countries could sell their finished products overseasMilitarism and imperialism -imperial countries built large navies to protect their economic interests-military bases around the world were needed to resupply naval vessels-nations tried to control important waterwayscultural beliefs and imperialism -many Europeans believed that colonialism was justified because European culture was superior -social darwinism-many believed that -darwins principle of survival of the fittest applied to people as well-"inferior" cultures should not be protected white man's burden -many people believed that-other cultures were greatly inferior -westerners had a duty to civilize "inferior" culturesspreading culture-european culture included:-christianity-democratic governments-new inventions and technologies-european langauges-european styles of dressSpreading religion-missionries flocked to Asia and Africa to convert native peoples to christianity -religious leaders often tried to defend native peoples against injustices -missionaries sometimes forced native peoples to change their cultureRuling colonies-countries could rule large amounts of territory because of:-new communications technologies -improved transportation -advanced military weapons types of territorial colonialcolony- an imperial has political controlprotectorate- the territory is under the "protection" of an imperial powersphere of influence- an imperial power has dominate trading and investment comparing and contrasting forms of ruledirect rule-rule was by westerners without the influence of native peoples -colonizers created programs to force native cultures to change-colonies were considered extensions of the home country(germany)Indirect rule-rule was by westerners with native participation -there was some acceptance of native culture-colonies were considered to be seperate from the home country (great Britain)changes in culture-colonized countries adapted to new:-languages-forms of government-cultural practices Changing culture in japan-Japan transitioned to a culture and society that was more open to the world-Japan had been isolationist prior to the arrival of the Americans in 1853-over time it adopted western culture dress and industrycolonial resistance -colonies often faced poverty and inequality-many colonies openly resisted colonial rule by:-supporting violent military and guerrilla movements-creating nationalist parties and organizations resistance in india-nationalist leaders successfully campaigned for reforms and independence in India -reformers:-created political parties -led nonviolent protests -won independence in 19471600- the british east kinda company was founded1839- the first opium war was fought between Britain and china1860- the second industrial revolution began1870-1914- new imperialism 1914- world war I began