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- Declaration of Independence of the Irish Parliament accepted by England (the Grattan Parliament)
- sought to restore both peace and a moderate Church of England, protectionist policy which destroyed emerging irish economy
- battle of the Boyne, James II vs William
- Took lands from Catholic owners to give it to Protestant settlers
- Catholics excluded from politics: couldn't vote and be electedExcluded from the army
- Flight of the Earls Hugh O'Neill (clan king of Anglo-Norman origin) along with others was defeated and forced to leave his land.
- English landlords invested in Irish lands but didn't live there
- condition very harsh, especially to Catholics (many fled Ireland)Flight of the Wild Geese: further reduced the Catholic population
- McCulloch v. Maryland upheld the constitutionality of the creation of a national bank by Congress. Marshall argued that while the power to create a national bank was not expressly stated in the Constitution, it was an implied power necessary for carrying out other enumerated powers, such as regulating commerce and collecting taxes.
- Became a Parliamentary MonarchyParliament had a say in the successionNew Irish Parliament with more powers than the previous one created
- Confederation of Kilkenny (demand the recognition of their religion, the restoration of their land, and an independent Irish Parliament. (= abolition of Poyning laws)
- chief of the army, veto power (congress), appoint judges, propose legislation, sign treaties
- it interprets and reviews laws to ensure they align with the Constitution. 9 judges for life
- The Whigs (opposed Jackson): business interests and favored industrial development over agrarian interests
- The U.S. federal government possesses powers not explicitly granted to it by the Constitution but that are implied by the elastic clause.Hamilton argued that it has to do everything to carry out its duty
- Plessy v. Ferguson as the separate facilities were equal, segregation was not a violation
- amendment in the Constitution => the vice-president should belong to the same party as the president.
- SC decided that parts of the voting rights act were unconstitutional.
- Brown v. Board of Education state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional
- Miranda v. Arizona: inform individuals of their rights before conducting custodial interrogations.