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P - One strength of the psychodynamic approach is that it introduced the idea of psychotherapy (as opposed to physical treatment)E - Freud brought the world a new form of therapy - psychoanalysis. This was the first attempt to treat mental disorders psychologically rather than physically. The new therapy employed a range of techniques designed to access the unconscious, such as dream analysis. Psychoanalysis claims to help clients by bring their repressed emotions into their conscious mind so they can be dealt with. Psychoanalysis is the forerunner to many modern-day 'talking therapies', such as counselling, that have been established.E - This shows the value of the psychodynamic approach in creating a new approach to treatment.
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- P - One limitation of the psychodynamic approach is that much of it is untestable/'non falsifiable'E - The philosopher of science, Karl Popper, argued that the psychodynamic approach does not meet the scientific criterion of falsification. It is not open to empirical testing (and the possibility of being disproved). Many of Freud's concept (such as the Id and the Oedipus complex) are said to occur at an unconscious level, making them difficult, if not impossible, to test. furthermore, his ideas were based on the subjective study of single individuals, such as Little Hans, which makes it difficult to make universal claims about human behaviour.E - This suggests that Freud's theory was pseudoscientific (not a real science) rather than established fact.
- What is the primary difference between the conscious and unconscious mind?A. The unconscious mind is our mind when asleep but not dreaming; the conscious mind is our mind when asleep and also dreaming.B. The unconscious mind is the part we are aware of; the conscious mind is the part we are not aware of.C. The unconscious mind is our mind when asleep and dreaming; the conscious mind is our mind when asleep but not dreaming.D. The unconscious mind is the part outside of our usual awareness; the conscious mind is the part we are aware of.
- who emphasized that slips of the tongue often reveal the personality dynamics that contribute to psychological disorders?