- what happened on the first day of high school?I can't exactly remember what happened, but I just knew that my school was one of the best, most intricate, and hardest high schools in the city to accept students. I completely understood that I should try my best.
- s'intéresse à la mesure, l'évaluation et la prédiction des activités du sujet.
- Considère qu'il est un peu artificiel et caricatural d'opposer recherche qualitative et recherche quantitative.
- Vise plus à comprendre les phénomènes complexes qu'à les expliquer.
- S'intéresse à l'analyse de cas concrets dans leur temporalité et leur particularité singulière.
- focus on how children learn about gender and how they occupy gender identity. internalizing info about gender and environmental reinforces of gender-related behavior are key aspects to this approach
- -people can described by how they behave-Allport believed that to understand healthy people, focus must be on their lives in present, not childhood experiences -believed study of personality should focus on healthy, well adjusted individuals - defining personality, believed that it should stress uniqueness of all individuals + capacity to adapt to environment -lexical approach: if a trait was important to individuals life, represented in natural language individuals use to talk about each other
- is an enduring personality characteristic that tend to lead to certain behaviors
- intense fear of in a boy of being mutilated by his father
- -meaningful personality change continues throughout life -changes in personality traits across adulthood occur in a direction suggesting that people become more socially mature w timeex: phineas gage iron rod injury to the brain produced change in personality
- -studying an individual according to his/her traits allows us to know a person better, traits individuals have influence health, thinking, career choices, relations w others (trait perspective is dominate on personality psychology )-critics argue that trait approach is missing importance of situation in personality and behavior
- involves seeing in others the impulses a person fears in him, or herself
- 1. neuroticism: feeling negative emotion more often than positive emotion 2. extraversion: more likely to engage in social activities 3. openness: related to higher IQ's, liberal values, art and culture, creative pursuits 4. agreeableness: related to generosity, negatively related to lying about oneself 5. conscientiousness: is related to healthy behaviors and longevity, performance in work, school, friendships, etc
- one that presents individuals w an ambiguous stimulus and then asks them to describe it or tell a story about it- individuals projecting their meaning onto stimulus (ex: inkblot test & TAT)
- state that a personality consists of broad and enduring dispositions that tend to lead to characteristic responses
- directly asks individuals wether specific items describe their personality trait (ex: MMPI & NEOPI)
- are strategies used to resolve conflicts among the demands for realty, the wishes of the id, and the constraints of the superego. reduce anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality
- intense desire for a boy to replace his father and joy affections of his mother (phallic stage)
- -gender is learned through rewards and punishments, observational learning and modeling -children may also be rewarded for engaging in gender (gender conforming) behavior and punished for behavior that dent fit w sex (gender-nonconforming behavior)-peer play is important in gender development (after age 6 especially)-children develop (gender schemas) mental framework for understand what is considered appropriate behavior for families and males in culture -social and cultural factors have strong influence on development of gender identity
- occurs from 18 to 36 months of age. Childs pleasure is centered on anus and urethra and the eliminative functions that are associated with these areas