- expiratory wheezing, dyspnea, chest tightness, non productive cough, tachypnea, tachycardia
- inflammation of airway epithelium leads to loss of surface area for gas exchange
- dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, dry cough, pleural friction rub on affected side, absence of breath sounds on affected side
- productive cough x 3 months for 2 consecutive years in a row, dyspnea, wheezing, cyanosis, polycythemia, cor pulmonale
- bacterial = cough; dyspnea, fever, chills, elevated WBC
- immune activation (IgE), mast cell degranulation, and chemotactic mediators all lead to bronchial hyperresponsiveness
- bacterial, virus, or fungi; risk factors - advanced age; immunocompromised; immobility; abdominal surgery
- increased left arterial pressure, injury to capillary endothelium, and blockage of lymph vessels all lead to edema
- history of smoking #1 cause, occupation exposure, disrupted lung growth
- sudden pleural plain, tachypnea, dyspnea, decreased or absent breath sounds
- allergen, irritant exposure, risk factors: obesity, GERD, chronic viral infection
- inhalation/aspiration of microorganism leads to macrophages ingest and remove debris
- dyspnea, diminished breathe sounds, productive cough, fever, leukocytosis
- dyspnea at rest, anxiety, inspiratory crackles, tachycardia, disorientation, confusion, pink frothy sputum
- destruction of airway, hypoventilation from pain, inadequate surfactant production, compression of the lungs or bronchi
- left sided heart failure #1 cause, capillary endothelium injury, lymph vessel blockage
- Which of these patients would require a tracheostomy mask for supplemental oxygen administration?
- Your patient is a 55 year old man with a history of chronic bronchitis. You have been called to his home today because of an increase in his level of respiratory distress. The patient is on 2 liter per minute of oxygen by nasal cannula at home. Your assessment reveals difficulty speaking due to shortness of breath, leaning forward to breathe, a productive cough and a respiratory of 32 per minute. Which of the following is true concerning the best course of action for this patient?
- In assessing a patient's breathing, what is your first question?
- The oxygen flow rate for a nasa cannula should not exceed ______ liters per minute.