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黒死病(ブラックデス)は、中世ヨーロッパで発生したペストの大流行であり、14世紀半ばに最初に現れ、その後数世紀にわたって繰り返し発生しました。ジャスティニアヌスのペストは、6世紀初頭にビザンツ帝国で起こった別の大流行です。ボンベイペストは、19世紀末から20世紀初頭にかけてインドのボンベイで流行したペストです。これらの大流行は、歴史上最も深刻な人類のパンデミックの一部です。ペスト菌(Yersinia pestis)によって引き起こされ、ネズミを介してヒトに伝播します。それらは数世紀にわたって数百万人の死者をもたらし、社会、政治、経済に深刻な影響を与えました。
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