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"Having won the Cold War, it was by no means inevitable that the US would maintain its global engagement. Some argued that the US, and others had paid a high price for American involvement around the world. It would be prudent to retreat if not into isolationism then to a more modest role. These voices struggled for a hearing in both parties. Those that did argue for a change, as Pat Buchanan, were roundly defeated at the ballot box. Although the Cold War consensus fueled by the Soviet threat was not replaced by a comparable policy or ideological framework, the majority view was that America had widespread global interests and the US should maintain its global engagement. The mainstream debate after the Cold War was thus limited to the size and nature of American engagement, not the engagement itself."-Source: Fraser Cameron, political scientist, US Foreign Policy After the Cold War: Global Hegemon or Reluctant Sheriff? 2006Which of the following earlier developments had an effect most similar to that described in the excerpt?

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