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In the eleventh century, Muslim Spain became less politically powerful than it had been earlier because the Christian kingdoms of Spain were united under one monarch, Sancho the Almost-Just, and he created an army that was able to outclass anything Muslim Spain had. the Umayyad caliphs increasingly devoted resources to trying to make war on the Fatimid rulers of Egypt.the Umayyad Caliphate had collapsed after the civil wars resulting from Abd al-Rahman's attempt to make himself caliph. The resulting taifa states were much weaker. an outbreak of Bubonic Plague hit southern Spain in 1008.

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