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ĐỀ SỐ 24Mammals have brains. So they can feel pain, experience fear and react in disgust. If a wildebeest did not feel pain, it would carry on grazing as lions chewed it hind leg first. If an antelope did not sense fear, it would not (1) _____ into a sprint at the first hint of cheetah. If a canine were not disgusted, it would not vomit; it would not be, as the (2)_____ goes, sick as a dog. Pain, fear and disgust are (3) _____ of the mammalian survival machinery provided by tens of millions of years of (4) _____. Homo sapiens have, however, only been around for about 200,000 years. So all three emotional states (5)_____something to mammal origins. If football hooligans can feel those emotions, then (6) _____ do deer, foxes and dogs. The argument is about how "aware" or "conscious"; non-human mammals might be during these emotional events. When an animal knows it is being chased and starts to run, is it obeying some instinct (7) _____ from ancestors that knew when to flee a danger zone or does it actually "know" to be afraid? That might be the wrong question. A human startled by a strange shape in a darkened corridor experiences a pounding heart, and lungs (8) _____ for air, and a body in recoil. This is the well-known flight or fight reaction. A human appreciated the full force of fear and has already started to counter the danger a fraction of a second before the brain has time to absorb and order the information contained in menacing shape. This is because mental calculations are too slow to cope with surprise attack. Pain (9) _____ logic. Touch something hot and you withdraw your hand even before you have time to think about doing so. Once again, the wisdom is (10) _____ the event.

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