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- The blink reflex can be affected by anaesthetics. Local anaesthetics are used to stop peoplefeeling pain but do not make them unconscious. General anaesthetics make people unconsciousand stop them feeling pain.Doctors investigated two ways of measuring the effect of general anaesthetics.They gave:• anaesthetic S to 18 people• anaesthetic Q to 29 peopleThey recorded how long it took for the people to stop blinking.The doctors then repeated the investigation. This time, they used a machine that measures brainactivity to decide when a person was unconscious, rather than when blinking stopped. For eachperson, they recorded how long it took for the machine's readings to show that the person wasunconscious.Their results are shown in the table. A value of ±2 × SD from the mean includes over 95% of thedata.Blinking involves cholinergic synapses. Anaesthetic S is a similar shape to acetylcholine.Suggest how anaesthetic S stops the transmission across the synapse.
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- A remora fish has an adhesive disk of sucker on its head, which it uses to attach itself to larger fishes, such as sharks. This attachment causes the sharks no harm. The remora fish eat scraps of food that the sharks drop as they feed. This is an example of1) an adaptation to a specialized niche2) an adaptation of a successful parasite3) competition between two fish species for food4) competition for abiotic resources