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Theses: how were the African Americans treated differently than white Americans? The families of black Union soldiers were slower to receive benefits available to the families of white soldiers. Since many of the black recruits enrolled in the army during the war had been slaves in 1861, and no slave could legally marry, black families had frequent difficulties in establishing their legitimacy for support. At the same time, these black families had fewer personal resources to fall back on when the male wage earner was absent, and they were far more vulnerable to harsh retaliation from the society around them. In this, as in many other issues, African Americans experienced a very different Civil War.

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