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What was the first large-scale civilization in north america?
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- Clinical manifestationCause mycosis: infection by fungiCaused by pathogenic factorso Fungi have the possibility to become pathogenic • Myogenic hypersensitivityo Related to enzymes and metabolic by-products secreted by fungio Host gains hypersensitivity after contact with fungal by-products andenzymes• Mycotoxicosis: especially moulds are able to produce a variety of toxicsubstanceso No response of immune system to toxins o Substances can be mutagenic carcinogenic (aflatoxin) hepatotoxic (knollenblätterpilz) - alcohol from yeastI. Superficial mycoses: Malassezia infections- Infections likely caused by endogenous strains!- Infections characterized by hyper- or hypopigmented maculae that develop on the skin (usually on chest, upper back, arms, abdomen & neck)II. Cutaneous mycoses s. dermatophytosis: Causative agents are: Dermatophytes and Candida albicans- caused by trauma or contact- host susceptibility may beenhanced by moisture, warmth, specific skin chemistry, perspiration and genetic predisposition- only the keratinized tissue (skin, hair, and nails).III. Subcutaneous mycoses: sporotrichosis - sporothrix schenckii- Resides in soil or on vegetation- Enters the skin or subcutaneous tissue by traumatic inoculation with contaminated material e.g. rose → Thorns → A chronic granulomatous infection- Secondary spread with involvement of lymphatics and lymph nodesIV. Systemic mycoses s. Endemic mycoses- Primary infections. Dimorphic causative agents. Systemic infection- Causative agents in the soil in s.c. endemic regions- Infections inhalation dissemination lungs following inhalation of conidia later may involve dissemination from lungs to other organs.V. Opportunistic Mycoses;Hair lesions- Present in our microbiota (Candida)o Ubiquitous fungi (air, soil, water)- Hosts; immunocompromised persons, underlyingpredisposing conditions of the host- More common diseases; candidiasis,cryptococcosis, aspergillosis, mucoromycosis, pneumocystis pneumonia, penicillinosis
- An experiment was carried out to determine the lethal dose of ammonium sulfate on mung bean germination. True statements about the experimental design include which of the following?The control group has neither the seeds nor the ammonium sulfate.The independent variable is the concentration of the ammonium sulfate.The dependent variable is the number of seeds that failed to germinate.
- What is a stele?A floating garden where maize is grownA ceremony in which war captives are sacrificed A stone pillar monument on which Maya recorded important informationThe ball used in an Aztec ballgame