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what was the purpose of vertical integration, which was pioneered by Andrew Carnegie in the late nineteenth centrury?a. it restructured the administrative hierarchy and, in the process, revolutionized managerial productivity b. it focused on the systematic promotion of immigrants and African Americans who were working for Carnegie speedc. it concentrated on one aspect of production to the exclusion of all othersd. it placed all aspects of the business, from mining raw materials to marketing and transporting finished products, under the control of the chief operating officer

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