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Who led the Ottomans to capture Constantinople in 1453?
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- 影響核酸(殺菌、除Sulfonamide抑菌)1.Quinolone (-floxacin): (殺菌)干擾DNA gyrase (Topoisomerase II & IV)、廣效、尿道感染/腦膜炎、濃度有關、須空腹(制酸劑/牛奶no)、CNS/脂肪穿透差、腎排副作用: 破壞軟骨生長(小孩/孕婦NO)、肝指數、腎毒(C6-F)抗癌藥Anthracycline、Etoposide: 抑制Topoisomerase II抗癌藥Irinotecan、Topotecan: 抑制Topoisomerase I一代: Nalidixic acid (G6PD no)、Pipemide acid: 尿路感染二代: Ciprofloxacin(Ciproxin): BBB(炭疽桿菌)、綠膿桿菌、抗藥性TB、抑制CYP1Á2(影響茶鹼代謝)NorfloxacinOfloxacin: 砂眼披衣菌Enoxacin: 抑制CYP1Á2(影響茶鹼代謝)三代:Lomefloxacin: 半衰期長、光敏Levofloxacin(Cravit): 左旋、性病(除了前列腺炎/梅毒)、S.肺炎鏈球菌/呼吸道感染Sparfloxacin: 呼吸道感染、副作用(QT延長、心律不整、抑制CYP1Á2)Grepafloxacin四代:Moxifloxacin(Avelox): 肝臟代謝、尿道感染no、副作用(QT延長、心律不整)GemifloxacinTrovafloxacin: 肝毒性、不能用超過14天2.Sulfonamide: (抑菌)類似PABA、競爭Dihydropteroate合成(干擾葉酸生成)、廣效/尿道感染副作用: 新生兒黃疸、腎毒、G6PD、結晶尿、小腸吸收好(除Sulfasalazine/結腸炎/克隆氏症)禁止: 孕婦、新生兒、+Methenamine治療UTI(會結合甲醛)全身性:(短效)Sulfapyridine、Sulfamerazine、Sulfamethazine、Sulfathiazole、Sulfapyrimidine(中長效)Sulfamethoxazole: 也治療愛滋病併發症(治療UTI)Sulfathiazole、Sulfamethizole、Sulfisomidine非全身性:(腸道感染用): Sulfasalazine、Olsalazine、Succinyl Sulfathiazole(外用)Sulfacetanide(結膜炎)、Silver Sulfadiazine(燙傷)、(燙傷/厭氧菌)