- 64) At the zoo, Aziza asks, "Why are giraffes born already able to walk, but we don't walk until so much later?" The best answer to Aziza's question would be __________.A) adaptationB) mutationC) selective advantageD) neoteny
- 60) The first primates __________.A) were the bark from treesB) were relatively large compared to other speciesC) dined on other primatesD) were able to grasp objects with their hands
- 52) Female birds are often drab in coloration compared to their male counterparts, which allows them to more successfully avoid detection when they incubate their eggs. __________ might produce a group of female birds born with brighter colors.A) A mutationB) Natural selectionC) Genetic predispositionD) Genetic alteration
- 49) Which would likely an example of a naturally selected mutation?A) a moth with spots that look like predator eyes on its backB) a brightly colored moth that is easily visible against the bark of a treeC) a short giraffe that is unable to reach high tree leaves in droughtD) a tree-climbing animal without opposable thumbs
- 31) Which statement is consistent with the doctrine of specific nerve energies?A) Electrical stimulation of a sensory nerve cannot evoke a specific sensation.B) All nerves carry a similar electrical message.C) Exerting pressure on the eyeball can evoke pain.D) Each brain area receives signals from all sensory systems.
- 47) Functionalism is demonstrated by __________.A) no brain differences between different songbird speciesB) same-sized spatial reasoning areas in the brains of members of a species that primarily hunts and one that does notC) more activity in the emotional brain centers in an aggressive speciesD) equal levels of activity in the emotional brain centers for calm and aggressive species
- 41) John O'Keefe, May-Britt Moser, and Edvard Moser were awarded the 2014 Nobel Prize for __________.A) developing amplifiers to detect weak electrical signalsB) developing neurochemical techniques to analyze chemical changes within cellsC) discovering mirror neuronsD) discovering a spatial positioning system in the brain
- 37) Animal experimental ablation is to human experimental ablation as __________ is to __________.A) Flourens; BrocaB) Broca; FlourensC) Müller; FlourensD) Florens; Müller
- 35) Experimental ablation involves __________.A) comparisons of brain size differences across speciesB) chronic chemical stimulation of the brainC) low-level electrical stimulation of the brainD) the study of changes in function after intentional damage to a portion of the brain
- 33) Johannes Müller proposed __________.A) an important role for natural selection in the evolution of behaviorB) that language is a function of the right hemisphereC) that different brain channels carry out different functionsD) that interneurons connect the body with the mind
- 39) __________ used the Golgi staining technique to examine individual neurons in the brain.A) Pierre FlourensB) René DescartesC) Luigi GalvaniD) Ramon Santiago y Cajal
- 34) Pierre Flourens is known __________.A) for his development and use of the experimental ablation techniqueB) as the father of modern philosophyC) for formulating the theory of evolutionD) for his study of the impairment of language in stroke victims
- 43) The supercomputer and chess master, Deep Blue, would be an early example of the work supported by the __________.A) Brain Research through Advancing Innovative NeurotechnologiesB) European Human Brain ProjectC) Society for NeuroscienceD) International Neuroethics Society
- 36) Based on his observation of brain damage and behavioral difficulties in a stroke victim, Paul Broca concluded that __________.A) the control of speech is a function of the brain's left hemisphereB) the brain's right hemisphere controls motor movements on the right side of the bodyC) damage to the right hemisphere impairs speechD) different regions of the brain control heart rate and breathing, purposeful movements, and sensory function
- 40) __________ won a Nobel Prize in 1906 for his work in describing the structure of the nervous system.A) Pierre FlourensB) René DescartesC) Luigi GalvaniD) Ramon Santiago y Cajal
- 30) The doctrine of specific nerve energies was proposed by __________.A) Johannes MüllerB) Paul BrocaC) René DescartesD) Hippocrates
- 44) Hall, Rosbash, and Young won the 2017 Nobel Prize for their work on __________.A) neural communicationB) molecular mechanisms controlling circadian rhythmsC) neurotransmittersD) ionic mechanisms of nerve cell membrane
- 38) Which is the correct match between scientist and idea?A) Paul Broca; doctrine of specific nerve energiesB) Pierre Flourens; use of ablation to study brain-behavior relationsC) Pierre Flourens; language is localized in the left hemisphereD) René Descartes; doctrine of specific nerve energies
- 42) Which of the following correctly matches researchers to their Nobel Prize-winning work?A) Golgi and Cajal; structure of the nervous systemB) Axelrod, Katz, and von Euler; ionic mechanismsC) O'Keefe, Moser, and Moser; neurotransmittersD) Hall, Rosbach, and Young; functions of the nervous system
- 21) René Descartes would be most comfortable with which statement?A) The universe is a mental construction.B) The body is a hallucination generated by the mind.C) The body is made of matter; the mind is not.D) the brain serves to cool the passions of the heart.