- Who was a strong advocate of the "gospel of wealth"?J. Pierpont MorganWilliam Graham SumnerJohn D. RockefellerAndrew Carnegie
- In the new working conditions of the mills, workers had to adjust to ______.-having their work closely managed by the discipline of the clock- working only a few days each week- managing themselves in the absence of supervisors- gaining the chance to learn new skills like carpentry and shoemaking
- Which organization was led by Daniel De Leon?American Railway UnionSocialist Labor PartySocialist Party of America"Single Tax" Club
- In 1869, in an attempt to put an end to price-cutting that was driving salt makers out of business, the Michigan Salt Association was formed, making it the nation's first of _______ businesses.
- As seen by the example of the Michigan Salt Association, pooling is a way for a group of companies to ______.set prices and control the marketrecruit laborers to work in their factoriesinflame rate warsmaximize rivalries
- Migration chains were largely made up of ______, who helped immigrants find jobs once they arrived in the United States.steamship ownersbrotherhoods and reformersindustrialists and their agentsfriends and families
- What, at heart, was the reason railroads were forced to develop new managerial techniques?- their over-reliance on immigrant labor- the strict requirements of government oversight- their razor-thin profit margins- their sheer size
- Proponents of "social Darwinism" argued that all of the following were true except that ______.- rich people were the best members of society- the poor were a product of natural selection- financial failure was a sign of laziness and ignorance- competition was unnatural
- Rockefeller's innovative business structure was the ______.trustcooperativelimited liability corporationuser group
- Savvy Italian immigrants who, for a commission, helped newly arrived Italians find jobs were called ______.enganchistaspadronesMolly MaguiresMezzogiorno
- The ______ proved to be the most valuable patented invention of the late nineteenth century.electric light bulbtelegraphtelephonetransatlantic cable
- In an effort to beat their competitors, railroads offered their preferred customers secret discounts called ______ to lower their shipping rates.
- One of the reasons the corporation was valued above other forms of business ownership was that ______.- owners were responsible for corporate debts but also earned huge profits- large amounts of capital could be raised by selling stock in the corporation- "robber barons" could get around the laws to build their fortunes- government-granted charters of incorporation helped reduce competition
- Among the many ways that the railroads contributed to economic development, the most important for the rise of big business was the ______.- creation of new management methods that were adopted by other industries- stimulation of economic growth through their huge demand for resources- movement of people and goods in ways that were quicker, cheaper, and more efficient- establishment of a standard system of time that helped tie the national industrial system together
- Most immigrants who came to work in U.S. industries had worked in their home countries as ______.industrial laborersrural farmworkerscoal minersskilled managers
- What drove rural Americans away from farms and into cities?warimmigrantsdiseasemechanization
- In the late nineteenth century, who ran day-to-day operations at the new corporations?professional managersentrepreneursskilled laborersfinanciers
- The New York Stock Exchange helped industry to grow by ______.- providing a means for people to save money- bringing companies and investors together- lending money to struggling companies- teaming with banks to provide capital to companies
- According to one estimate, as many as 60 percent of all immigrants to the United States between 1870 and 1914 ______.- were engineers, doctors, and other professionals- settled in the Southeast- came from Asia- returned to their homelands
- Before railroads established time zones, who or what set local times?each state governmentlocal churchestowns or rail stations themselvesthe federal government