- _____ are responsible for initial establishment and maintenance of animal tissues, organs, and systems. The animal version of meristematic tissue. There are three: ____
- ___ is branch of animal evolution, but ___ is the main branch
- ____ skeleton is make of spicules secreted by amoeboid cells
- ___ is the term that refers to the 15-25 million species currently in living
- Parazoans have "poorly defined ___"-ie. they lack ___
- The era _____ directly means "ancient animal"
- There are four classes of sponges in phylum Porifera:Class ____ --- calcium carbonate
- Zygote to Gastrula:Zygote --> ____ cell stage --> ____ (solid) ---> ____ (hollow) --> (gastrulation) Gastrula
- Mesoderm and Coelom Formation: (two methods)_____: describes when a coelom is formed by the splitting of the mesodermal layer between the ectoderm and endoderm -Masses of mesoderm form in the blastocoel near the blastopore then internal splits in these masses create cavities entirely lined by mesoderm (splits to form the opening)
- Membrane linings:____ membrane lines the organ directly____ membrane lines the chamber wall____ is where the two linings combine
- In the early stages of embryological development, the _____ is a continuous cavity along the entire length of the trunk divided into right and left halves by the dorsal and ventral ____.In the adult vertebrate, the coelom is divided into two or more cavities. How the coelom is further subdivided varies depending upon the taxa being considered.
- In humans and other similar vertebrates, the coelom is divided into three areas:-the ____ (____) cavity that surrounds all other viscera-the ____ cavity that surrounds the heart-the ____ cavity that surrounds the lungsIn some other vertebrates (like fish), the coelom is divided into two areas:-the ____ cavity that surrounds all other viscera-the ___ cavity that surrounds the heart
- _____ is the large opening in a sponge that water is expelled from
- Mesoderm and Coelom Formation: (two methods)____: describes when a coelom is formed by the pinching off a portion of the endoderm that develops into the mesoderm-Portions of the archenteron, which are endodermally derived, form outpockets that eventually separate from the gut to form mesoderm with cavities entirely lined by mesoderm
- Sponges reproduction: Asexual*can occur when ____ are present*Asexual reproduction via:-____-____: when sponge pieces break off-___: occur in fresh water (amoebocytes are surrounded by ____ and this allows greater water retention in the dry season
- _____ have the first opening (blastopore) becomes the anus and they exhibit radial cleavage (ie. humans)
- General Sponge Morphology--Three body plans: ____, _____, and _____ -- these increase surface area for increased filtration
- Sponges can also reproduce sexually. They are _____, meaning a single organism can represent both male and females. Another name for this is ___
- ____ undergo filter-feeding by creating a water current with their flagella
- Cleavage Summary:1. ___: the egg is fertilized and mitosis will begin2. ___: the number of cells will continue to double via mitosis3. ____: the solid ball of cells that will eventually hollow out4. ____: a hollow ball of about 100 cells5. ____: phase in early development where the single layer blastula is reorganized into a multi-layer structure6. ____: complete formation of ectoderm, endoderm, blastopore and archenteron