- Needed for synthesis of collagen, the main bone protein; deficiency leads to decreased collagen production, which slows down bone growth and delays repair of broken bones
- A partial fracture in which one side of the bone is broken and the other side bends; occurs only in children, whose bones are not fully ossified and contain more organic material than inorganic material
- Secreted by the liver, bones, and other tissues on stimulation by growth hormone; promotes normal bone growth by stimulating osteoblasts and by increasing the synthesis of proteins needed to build new bone
- ____________ ossification replaces cartilage with bone in the developing embryo and fetus
- The bone is splintered, crushed, or broken into pieces at the site of impact, and smaller bone fragments lie between the two main fragments
- Needed for synthesis of bone proteins; deficiency leads to abnormal protein production in bone extracellular matrix and decreased bone density
- Active form (calcitriol) is produced by the kidneys; helps build bone by increasing absorption of calcium from digestive canal into blood; deficiency causes faulty calcification and slows down bone growth; may reduce the risk of osteoporosis but is toxic if taken in high doses; people who have minimal exposure to ultraviolet rays or do not take vitamin D supplements may not have sufficient vitamin D to absorb calcium; this interferes with calcium metabolism
- Activates enzymes involved in synthesis of bone extracellular matrix
- Formation of a fibrocartilage callus first and a bony callus second
- The end of a long bone furthest from the center of the body
- The vertebral body of one or more vertebrae fractures and becomes compressed into a wedge-shape; may be causes by injury, trauma, or more commonly in individuals with osteoporosis
- Thin membrane lining the medullary cavity
- Connective tissue surrounding the diaphysis
- Minerals salts, calcium, phosphate, and calcium hydroxide combine to form crystals called
- What type of cartilage covers both ends of the epiphysis?
- Cell type: bone-building cells that secrete matrix; initiate calcification
- The end of a long bone closest to the center of the body
- Cell type: remodel bones and cause them to release calcium; bone resorption
- What type of bone does intramembranous ossification occur in when a connective tissue membrane is replaced by bone?
- Endochondral ossification can occur in the epiphyseal plates of ____ bones as they grow in length