- Final part of the ascending loop of Henle makes contact with the __________ arteriole serving that renal corpuscle.This region is known as the ______________.
- a hollow, distensible muscular organ with a capacity of about 700-800mL.
- When volume increases, stretch receptors send signals to a micturition center in the ____________ triggering the micturition reflex.
- the movement of waste materials from the body to the filtrate
- two molecules collectively together into a cell
- two molecules - one comes in and one comes out
- Reabsorption of fluids, ions, and other substances occurs by _______ and ______ means
- Modified smooth muscle cells with phagocytic properties
- potent vasoconstrictor of both afferent and efferent arterioles (reduces GFR)
- possible because the renal blood vessels are supplied by sympathetic ANS fibers that release norepinephrine causing vasoconstriction
- Pressure and flow monitored in the macula densa provides feedback to the glomerulus
- Normally ______ Starling forces are at work in glomerular filtration
- Filtration is controlled by 2 opposing ___________ forces and 2 opposing __________ forces at the glomerular membrane called ____________ forces.
- secreted by cells in the atria; a sudden large increase in BP stretches the cardiac atria and releases ________; causes the glomerular capillaries to relax, increasing the surface area for filtration (increases GFR)
- process of returning important substances from the filtrate back into the renal interstitium, then into the renal blood vessels...and back into the body
- Stretching in the glomerular capillaries triggers contraction of smooth muscle cells in afferent arterioles (reduces GFR)
- passive process that occurs between adjacent tubule cells (tight junctions do not completely seal off interstitial fluid from tubule fluid)
- At rest, sympathetic stimulation in the kidneys is ______.
- GFR avg. for males = _____________; GFR avg. for females = ____________
- smooth muscle around the afferent arterioles have plentiful _______ receptors which bind norepinephrine and cause the muscle fibers to ________.