- Moderate sympathetic stimulation constricts both afferent and efferent arterioles and GFR _______________.
- Nitric oxide is a powerful ______________.
- pressure forces filtration of waste-laden blood in the glomerulus
- A double-walled epithelial cup that surrounds the glomerular capillaries
- force exerted against the filtration membrane by fluid in the capsular space (opposes filtration)
- the formation of a protein-free filtrate of plasma across the glomerular membrane
- The distal convoluted tubules of several nephrons empty into a ___________________.
- Macula densa cells detect increases in amounts of _______, _______, and ________ and inhibit the release of _____________.
- the main force that "pushes" water and solutes through the filtration membrane (promotes filtration)
- In the average adult, the body's entire extracellular fluid volume is filtered about _______ times per day
- Exercise or hemorrhage induces strong sympathetic stimulation, vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole and steep drop in GFR which causes:
- the process of returning important substances from the filtrate back to the body
- _____________ is the amount of filtrate formed in all the renal corpuscles of both kidneys each minute
- pressure of plasma proteins "pulling" on water (opposes filtration)
- Area in the kidney where the tubes of the renal artery, renal vein and ureter are
- The epithelium of the visceral and parietal layers of the renal corpuscle form ___________ which act as a filtration (dialysis) membrane.
- Fluid filtered from the glomerular capillaries enters the ___________, which is the lumen of the urinary tube
- Blood plasma is filtered through the __________ capillaries into the __________ capsule.
- allows urine to be excreted from the bladder
- T or F: The kidneys are highly vascularized.