- What carbapenem is described by: - similar to imipenem, also inhibits imipenem - resistant pseudomonas
- In both cephalosporins and penicillins what kind of side chain on the left side of the nucleus prevents the carbonyl from opening up the beta - lactam ring in an acidic environment?
- What drug does imipenem have to be combined with so it can actually do its antimicrobial activity on the body?
- What cephalosporin is described by: - most active against gram positive cocci - limited activity against gram negative bacilli
- Penicillin + beta - lactamase inhibitor has what effect on the spectrum of activity
- An increase in polarity causes an increase in ____________ activity.
- What carbapenem is described by: - active against various gram negative bacteria (including pseudomonas) no appreciable activity against gram positive or anaerobic bacteria active against many beta - lactamase producing bacteria
- What cephalosporin is described by: - about equal to first generation for gram positive cocci - more active against gram negative bacilli- some activity against beta - lactamase producing strains - anaerobic activity
- What has more ring strain a 4/5 fused ring or a 4/6 fused ring?
- What drug of choice class is used for penicillin resistant staph aureus and staph epidermidis?
- What type of broad spectrum, penicillinase sensitive penicillin is described by: - similar to fermentation derived plus more active against gram negative bacteria including pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Monobactams bind primarily to PBP3 in gram ___________ bacteria
- What types of bacteria do fermentation derived penicillins most active against?
- What PBPs are the most lethal in regards to if they aren't around or they can't function properly then the cell/organism will die?
- Role of PBP in bacteria: 1. PBP has a ________ hydroxyl group that will attack a terminal portion of the cell wall 2. PBP will attack the cell wall strand at the second to last ________ connection 3. The binding of PBP causes the cleavage of the last __________ connection as a free enzyme and then creates an activated _________ on the end of the attacked cell wall strand 4. Another cell wall strand has a free _________ terminus that PBP will facilitate in creating a new ___________ linkage between the activated ester (the strand that PBP originally attacked) and the other strand
- Where is the peptidoglycan layer located in gram negative bacteria?
- Do gram positive bacteria have a thick or then peptidoglycan layer?
- Is the peptidoglycan layer of gram negative bacteria thick or thin?
- How do drugs typically come into gram negative bacteria?
- Where are the beta - lactamases found in gram negative bacteria?