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Pathophysiology
Explore questions in the Pathophysiology category that you can ask Spark.E!
- congestive heart failure is a common consequence of heart attacks.a. trueb. false
- the cells that initiate the electrical signals that drive the heartbeat initiate in thea. purkinje systemb. brainc. ventricular muscled. AV nodee. none of the above
- coagulation can be initiated bya. inflammationb. TNF-alpha produced by activated macrophagesc. histamine released from mast cellsd. plasmin created by extrinsic factors resulting from traumae. tissue factor released from damaged epithelium
- the heart valvesa. control the direction of blood flowb. prevent blood from backing up in the circulationc. produce the heart sounds heard during the different parts of the cardiac cycled. may be damaged as a result of infectione. all of the above
- Heart attacks are most often caused bya. aortic aneurismsb. traumac. blockage of a coronary arteryd. cardiomyopathiese. alcohol
- Hemostasis involves all of the following EXCEPTa. vessel spasmb. fibrinogenc.prothrombind. histaminee. clot retraction
- Atherosclerosis begins witha. endothelial injuryb. adhesion of monocytesc. monocyte migration into vessel wallsd. macrophages taking up lipids and becoming foam cellse. vessel wall filling with cellular debris and cholesterol
- signs and symptoms of left side heart failure includea. cyanosis and a cough with frothy sputumb. edema of the dependent extremitiesc. enlargement if the liver and anorexiad. portal hypertensione. myocarditis
- BRCA 1 and 2 gene products affect what aspects of cellular metabolisma. post translational modification of proteinsb. DNA repairc. production of growth factorsd. expression of growth factor receptrose. RNA expression
- Breast cancer kills more women than any other cancera. trueb. false
- much of the joint damage that occurs in rheumatoid arthritis results froma. cytotoxic T cellsb. the host inflammatory responsec. activation of neutrophilsd. eosinophilse. all of the above
- which of the following is true of infectious mononucleosis?a. it can be transmitted through breast milkb. it cannot be transmitted by latently infected asymptomatic personsc. it is most commonly caused by infection with human herpes virus 6d. latent infections are raree. none of the above are true of mono
- some tumors, especially very large and disperse tumors may originate from multiple cell that simultaneously undergo malignant transformationa. trueb. false
- type IV hypersensitivities a. include allergiesb. are caused by IgE antibodies attached to mast cellsc. include contact dermatitisd. caused by activation of complement and neutrophilse. caused by TNF
- Oncogenes may originate from genes encodinga. growth factorsb. growth factor receptorsc. second messenger moleculesd. cell division factorse. all of the above
- type I, II, III hypersensitivities are mediated bya. antibodiesb. mast cellsc. T lymphocytesd. macrophagese. eosinophils
- Type 1 Sensitivitiesa. are immediate type hypersensitivitiesb. are mediated by antibodiesc are true allergiesd. may lead to systemic anaphylaxise. all of the above
- Apoptosis pathologic causes:- _____ damage- Accumulation of _____ proteins- _____, especially certain viral infections
- Which type of necrosis has a chalky white appearance caused by lipase degradation into fatty acids and calcium?
- Which term refers to a stress-induced cellular change that preserves viability?