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Pathophysiology
Explore questions in the Pathophysiology category that you can ask Spark.E!
- ALF clinical features:- Severe acute liver _____- Hepatic _____- Prolonged _____/INR
- HH mechanisms of liver injury:- Lipid _____ by iron-catalyzed free radical reactions- Interaction of _____ and iron with _____ causing lethal cell injury and predisposition to _____- Stimulation of _____ formation by activation of hepatic _____ cells
- Which jaundice classification?- Type: conjugated- Cause: mechanical obstruction of bile flow
- The absence of which molecule in acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity causes an accumulation of which other molecule?
- Which hepatitis virus?- Spread via blood, birth, sharing needles- Pathophysiology: CD8+ T cells cause lysis of infected cells, virus causes direct cytotoxic injury, CCC DNA template for viral transcription
- PD compensatory mechanisms:- Increasing dopamine _____- Increasing dopaminergic _____- Increasing the proliferation of dopamine _____
- Which mechanism of unlocking phenotypic plasticity?- From mature to progenitor states- Ex. Colon cancer (both differentiated cells and progenitor cells have been implicated as cell-of-origin)
- Tumor metastatic tropism mechanisms:- _____ molecules- _____ receptors- _____ suitability- _____ layout
- Which type of liquid biopsy?- Have the potential to disseminate and proliferate as a metastatic lesion
- Ascites pathophysiology:- _____ --> Portal _____ --> _____ arterial vasodilation --> Decrease in effective arterial volume --> Decrease in renal blood flow --> _____ and _____ retention --> Ascites
- Avoiding immune destruction mechanisms:- Failure to produce tumor _____ --> Lack of T cell _____ of tumor- Mutations in MHC _____ _____ genes or genes needed for antigen processing --> Lack of T cell _____ of tumor- Production of _____ proteins or expression of inhibitory cell surface proteins --> Inhibition of T cell _____
- Deregulating cellular energetics mechanism:- Cancer cells prefer _____ _____ with or without O2
- Paraneoplastic neurologic syndrome involves which antibody that is directed against intracellular neuronal proteins?
- Which jaundice classification?- Type: unconjugated- Cause: excessive hemolysis
- True/False: Although histologic examination is the most important method of diagnosis, it should still be confirmed by biopsy.
- Enabling replicative immortality involves overactivity of which enzyme?
- Which hepatitis virus?- Self-limited (not chronic)- Spread via contaminated water/food (fecal-oral)- Pathophysiology: specific CD8+ T cells and NK cells damage hepatocytes
- Which mechanism of unlocking phenotypic plasticity?- From progenitor cell states- Ex. Melanoma
- Meningioma clinical features:- Usually _____-growing tumors- _____ and _____ in an arm or leg are the most common
- What is an example of a cytologic smear that is used to detect cancer of uterine cervix and endometrium?