- segmented body, chitinous Exo, muscle attachment, protection, molted
- Gills (aquatic species)Book gills (aquatic species)Book lungs (arachnids et al.)Tracheal system with spiracles (insects et al.)Combination of the above
- Jointed appendages vary in form and function Walking/swimmingWings for flightSensory (antennae, pedipalps, etc.)Mouthparts
- light-sensing organs, large brains (cepha) image forming eye
- Complete digestive system has stomach and digestive glands for more efficient digestion
- Head-foot—sensory organs, feeding organs and means of locomotionVisceral mass—internal organs (digestive system, kidneys, gonads)
- Gastropods feed using tongue-like structure with chitinous teeth to scrape algae off of hard surfaces (radula)
- Cephalopods capture prey with tentacles and have a sharp beak that can be used to take bites
- rich in easily digestible energy and protein; also called a growth diet
- takes into account trade-offs between nutrients and toxins
- are basic source of caloric energy, nearly all primates include in diets, but none could survive without other foods: insects and leaves that provide amino acids and vitamins and minerals
- howler monkeys and catarrhines, might be adaptation for detecting leaves that are high in protein content and low in fiber and ripe fruits
- _____ ___ is important = some groups will eat different things but have the same nutrient uptake
- high quality foods are seasonally scarce? _____ ____ to find enough preferred foods
- East African chimpanzees obtain iron and aluminum from
- Mountain gorillas obtain essential minerals like magnesium from
- lower quality food to fall back on for survival, available year-round
- Reduce body temperatures, metabolic rates, and exposure to predators
- Uni-male or multi-male matrilineal societiesOne male versus multiple males depends on how large the
- Many primates obtain essential fats and starches from ___